Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Thioctic Acid
Moderate
Alpha-lipoic acid is a unique "universal" antioxidant that is both water- and fat-soluble, allowing it to work in all compartments of the cell. It regenerates other antioxidants (vitamins C and E, and glutathione) and has been studied extensively for diabetic neuropathy and blood sugar control.
How It Works
ALA works through multiple mechanisms:
- Universal Antioxidant: Both water- and fat-soluble; works in all cellular compartments to neutralize free radicals.
- Antioxidant Recycling: Regenerates vitamins C, E, and glutathione after they have been oxidized.
- Metal Chelation: Chelates copper, iron, and other transition metals that catalyze free radical formation.
- Glucose Metabolism: Increases glucose uptake by enhancing GLUT4 translocation to cell membranes.
- Insulin Sensitivity: Improves insulin signaling pathways and may reduce insulin resistance.
- Neuroprotection: May improve nerve blood flow and function in diabetic neuropathy.
Key Benefits
- Antioxidant for metabolic and nerve health: Supporting regeneration of vitamins C and E and glutathione.
- Diabetic neuropathy: Multiple studies show symptom improvement in peripheral neuropathy.
- Insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control: Improving glucose uptake and insulin signaling.
How Alpha-Lipoic Acid is Used
- General antioxidant support: 100–300 mg/day, usually on an empty stomach for better absorption.
- Neuropathy and metabolic health: 600–1,800 mg/day in divided doses.
- Form choice: R-lipoic acid is sometimes used at lower doses because of better bioavailability.
Because ALA can lower blood sugar and may interact with thyroid and chemotherapy medications, dosing and combinations should be supervised by a clinician.
Natural Food Sources
| Food | Amount per Serving |
|---|---|
| Organ meats (liver, heart, kidney) | Highest food sources (~1-3 mg/serving) |
| Red meat | Small amounts |
| Red meat | Small amounts |
| Spinach | Small amounts |
Safety Information
Contraindications
- Thiamine (B1) deficiency – ALA may worsen neuropathy; supplement B1 alongside high-dose ALA
- Thyroid disorders - may affect thyroid hormone levels
Potential Side Effects
- GI upset, nausea (common)
- Skin rash (uncommon)
- Skin rash (uncommon)
- Hypoglycemia when combined with diabetes medications (uncommon)
Disclaimer: The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.