Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Liao Y, Xie B, Zhang H, He Q, Xu L
Translational Psychiatry • August 2019
Plain Language Summary
This analysis of 26 studies found that omega-3 fish oil supplements can help reduce depression symptoms, especially when the supplement is high in EPA (one type of omega-3). Taking 1-2 grams of EPA daily worked well, and the benefits added to the effects of antidepressant medications. This suggests omega-3s may be a helpful natural addition to depression treatment.
Key Findings
- 1Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.09)
- 2EPA-predominant formulations (>60% EPA) showed larger effects than DHA-predominant
- 3Doses of 1-2g/day EPA were most effective
- 4Effects were additive to antidepressant medication
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined 26 randomized controlled trials investigating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for major depressive disorder. The analysis evaluated both EPA-predominant and DHA-predominant formulations.
Study Limitations
- High heterogeneity among studies
- Varying omega-3 formulations and doses
- Some studies had small sample sizes
- Publication bias possible