Cardiovascular System

Nattokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. It has potent activity in breaking down fibrin, the protein matrix of blood clots, and has been studied for supporting healthy circulation and cardiovascular function.

EGCG is the most abundant and powerful catechin in green tea, accounting for a large share of its polyphenol content. It is a potent antioxidant with evidence for benefits in metabolic health, weight management, cognitive function, and cardiovascular support.

Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in red wine, grapes, and certain plants. It gained attention as a possible contributor to the “French Paradox” – lower heart disease rates despite high-fat diets. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence longevity pathways and cardiovascular health.

Potassium is the primary intracellular electrolyte, essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction, including the heart. Adequate potassium intake helps lower blood pressure and may reduce stroke risk, yet most people do not consume enough.

Iron is essential for oxygen transport (hemoglobin), energy production (cytochromes), and DNA synthesis. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency globally and can cause anemia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Excess iron is toxic, so supplementation should generally be reserved for documented deficiency.

Vitamin K exists in two main forms: K1 (from plants, primarily for clotting) and K2 (from fermented foods and animal products, important for bone and cardiovascular health). K2 (especially MK-7) has gained attention for its role in directing calcium to bones rather than arteries.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is essential for energy metabolism and DNA repair. It exists in two main forms: nicotinic acid (causes flushing but improves cholesterol) and nicotinamide (no flushing, different therapeutic uses). Prescription-strength niacin is used to manage dyslipidemia.

Berberine is a plant alkaloid found in goldenseal, barberry, and Oregon grape. It is one of the most effective natural compounds for blood sugar control, with studies showing it can be as effective as metformin. It also significantly improves cholesterol and may support gut health.

CoQ10 is a naturally occurring compound essential for energy production in every cell. It is a crucial component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria and is especially important for high-energy organs like the heart. Statin drugs deplete CoQ10, making supplementation particularly relevant for statin users.

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fats that the body cannot produce. EPA and DHA, found primarily in fatty fish and algae, are the most biologically active forms. They are critical for brain structure, cardiovascular health, and controlling inflammation.